nature摘要--2008年1月17日
原文地址:http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7176/
Editorials
How not to prioritize pp223
A high-level reprimand to US astronomers highlights the need for the objectives of 'big science' to be openly debated.
doidoi:10.1038/451223a
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Deserting the hungry? pp223
Monsanto and Syngenta are wrong to withdraw from an international assessment on agriculture.
doidoi:10.1038/451223b
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Philanthropy needed... pp224
... to save a historic home of scientific stimulation.
doidoi:10.1038/451224a
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Research Highlights
Research highlights pp226
doidoi:10.1038/451226a
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Journal Club
Journal club pp227
Vivian G. Cheung
doidoi:10.1038/451227a
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News
Funding edict for mission has NASA over a barrel pp228
Cost of planet-hunting telescope could hold back other space projects.
Eric Hand & Alexandra Witze
doidoi:10.1038/451228a
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Stem cells: a national project pp229
Japan rushes to capitalize on 'reprogrammed' adult cells.
David Cyranoski
doidoi:10.1038/451229a
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Nuclear war: the safety paradox pp230
In the second of a series of articles, Geoff Brumfiel looks at whether certain nuclear-weapons technology should be shared.
Geoff Brumfiel
doidoi:10.1038/451230a
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Sidelines pp232
Scribbles on the margins of science.
doidoi:10.1038/451232a
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Europe to capture carbon pp232
New power stations could be forced to store greenhouse-gas emissions.
Quirin Schiermeier
doidoi:10.1038/451232b
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Novartis Foundation to close its doors pp233
Time runs out for acclaimed scientific symposia.
Alison Abbott
doidoi:10.1038/451233a
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Genomics sizes up pp234
China launches large-scale human sequencing initiative.
Jane Qiu & Erika Check Hayden
doidoi:10.1038/451234a
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Nuclear power gets green light from UK government pp235
doidoi:10.1038/451235a
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Health agency recalculates death toll for Iraq conflict pp235
doidoi:10.1038/451235b
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Florida funds expansion of Oregon university pp235
doidoi:10.1038/451235c
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Budget cuts force early closure of Stanford collider pp235
doidoi:10.1038/451235d
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Time is running out for paranormal prize pp235
doidoi:10.1038/451235e
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Free bags face the axe in China pp235
doidoi:10.1038/451235f
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News Features
Experimental Cosmology: Cosmos in a bottle pp236
Physicists often borrow techniques from other fields. But how far can this get you? Geoff Brumfiel asks if simple table-top experiments can provide new insights into the early Universe.
doidoi:10.1038/451236a
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Chemistry: Power Play pp240
A German physicist and a hedge-fund magnate are competing to push protein simulations into the realm of the millisecond. Brendan Borrell finds out what is at stake.
doidoi:10.1038/451240a
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Correspondence
Citations: rankings weigh against developing nations pp244
D. C. Mishra
doidoi:10.1038/451244a
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Citations: poor practices by authors reduce their value pp244
Peter A. Todd & Richard J. Ladle
doidoi:10.1038/451244b
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Glacier programme shows the value of 'ground truth' pp244
Mauri Pelto
doidoi:10.1038/451244c
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Restricted access to fossils hinders claim confirmation pp244
Christopher P. Heesy
doidoi:10.1038/451244d
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Books and Arts
Twenty-first-century anatomy lesson pp245
Polymath pieces together the surprising past of the human body from fins, wings, hangovers and hiccups.
Carl Zimmer reviews Your Inner Fish: A Journey into the 3.5-Billion-Year History of the Human Body by Neil Shubin
doidoi:10.1038/451245a
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See also: Editor's summary
Interdisciplinary inspiration pp246
Alice W. Flaherty reviews Artscience: Creativity in the Post-Google Generation by David Edwards
doidoi:10.1038/451246a
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Biography of a blockbuster text book pp247
Ken Arnold reviews The Anatomist: A True Story of Gray's Anatomy by Bill Hayes
doidoi:10.1038/451247a
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News and Views
Behavioural neuroscience: Neurons of imitation pp249
In songbirds, a class of neurons shows a striking similarity in activity when the bird sings and when it hears a similar song. This mirroring neuronal activity could contribute to imitation.
Ofer Tchernichovski & Josh Wallman
doidoi:10.1038/451249a
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See also: Editor's summary
Inorganic chemistry: Uranium gets a reaction pp250
The most common form of uranium in solution is notoriously unreactive, limiting the use of the element. But interactions of this complex with potassium ions unleash a potentially rich seam of unexpected chemistry
James M. Boncella
doidoi:10.1038/451250a
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See also: Editor's summary
50 & 100 Years Ago pp251
doidoi:10.1038/451251a
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Cancer: Hay in a haystack pp252
Although some diseases occur when both copies of a gene are mutated, mutation of just one copy of certain tumour-suppressor genes promotes tumorigenesis. Identifying such mutations is arduous, but worth the effort.
Kevin M. Shannon & Michelle M. Le Beau
doidoi:10.1038/451252a
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Astronomy: Elliptical view of galaxies past pp253
How and when galaxies assembled their mass to become the structures seen today are among astronomy's big outstanding questions. A comprehensive study of nearby galaxies provides a new angle on the issue.
Andrea Cimatti
doidoi:10.1038/451253a
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Immunology: Cascade into clarity pp254
Immune mediator molecules such as antimicrobial peptides are crucial for host responses to pathogens. Akirins are the latest identified components of a signalling cascade that leads to these responses in insects and mice.
Fayyaz S. Sutterwala & Richard A. Flavell
doidoi:10.1038/451254a
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Correction pp255
doidoi:10.1038/451255a
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Solid-state physics: Join the dots pp256
A new variation on an old theme in atomic physics, a spectral distortion known as the Fano effect, has been revealed — not in an atom, but in an artificial nanostructure known as a quantum dot.
Galina Khitrova & H. M. Gibbs
doidoi:10.1038/451256a
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Supplement: Year of planet Earth -
Produced with support from:
Supplement: Year of planet Earth
Year of planet Earth pp257
Joanna Thorpe, Juliane Mössinger & John VanDecar
doidoi:10.1038/451257a
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A tribe of jobbing ditchers pp258
Earth science, a field in which science and profession have been intimately linked, has grown through the practicalities imposed by industrialization and war but must now revamp to address climate change.
Ted Nield
doidoi:10.1038/nature06581
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A planetary perspective on the deep Earth pp261
Earth's composition, evolution and structure are in part a legacy of provenance (where it happened to form) and chance (the stochastics of that formation).
David J. Stevenson
doidoi:10.1038/nature06582
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Using seismic waves to image Earth's internal structure pp266
Seismic waves generated in Earth's interior provide images that help us to better understand the pattern of mantle convection that drives plate motions.
Barbara Romanowicz
doidoi:10.1038/nature06583
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Mineralogy at the extremes pp269
The discovery of a new silicate structure at conditions corresponding to a depth of 2,700 kilometres below Earth's surface has fundamentally changed our understanding of the boundary between the core and mantle.
Thomas S. Duffy
doidoi:10.1038/nature06584
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Earthquake physics and real-time seismology pp271
The past few decades have witnessed significant progress in our understanding of the physics and complexity of earthquakes. This has implications for hazard mitigation.
Hiroo Kanamori
doidoi:10.1038/nature06585
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From landscapes into geological history pp274
Erosional and depositional landscapes are linked by the sediment-routing system. Observations over a wide range of timescales might show how these landscapes are translated into the narrative of geological history.
Philip A. Allen
doidoi:10.1038/nature06586
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The rise of atmospheric oxygen pp277
Clues from ancient rocks are helping to produce a coherent picture of how Earth's atmosphere changed from one that was almost devoid of oxygen to one that is one-fifth oxygen.
Lee R. Kump
doidoi:10.1038/nature06587
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An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics pp279
Past episodes of greenhouse warming provide insight into the coupling of climate and the carbon cycle and thus may help to predict the consequences of unabated carbon emissions in the future.
James C. Zachos, Gerald R. Dickens & Richard E. Zeebe
doidoi:10.1038/nature06588
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Unlocking the mysteries of the ice ages pp284
Much progress has been made towards understanding what caused the waxing and the waning of the great ice sheets, but a complete theory of the ice ages is still elusive.
Maureen E. Raymo & Peter Huybers
doidoi:10.1038/nature06589
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Ocean circulation in a warming climate pp286
Climate models predict that the ocean's circulation will weaken in response to global warming, but the warming at the end of the last ice age suggests a different outcome.
J. R. Toggweiler & Joellen Russell
doidoi:10.1038/nature06590
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Terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate feedbacks pp289
Recent evidence suggests that, on a global scale, terrestrial ecosystems will provide a positive feedback in a warming world, albeit of uncertain magnitude.
Martin Heimann & Markus Reichstein
doidoi:10.1038/nature06591
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An Earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle pp293
With humans having an increasing impact on the planet, the interactions between the nitrogen cycle, the carbon cycle and climate are expected to become an increasingly important determinant of the Earth system.
Nicolas Gruber & James N. Galloway
doidoi:10.1038/nature06592
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A steep road to climate stabilization pp297
The only way to stabilize Earth's climate is to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, but future changes in the carbon cycle might make this more difficult than has been thought.
Pierre Friedlingstein
doidoi:10.1038/nature06593
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Small-scale cloud processes and climate pp299
Clouds constitute the largest single source of uncertainty in climate prediction. A better understanding of small-scale cloud processes could shed light on the role of clouds in the climate system.
Marcia B. Baker & Thomas Peter
doidoi:10.1038/nature06594
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Earth science and society pp301
The unique set of challenges that face humankind today mean that it is more essential than ever that Earth scientists apply their understanding of the planet to benefit society and that society invite them to do so.
Frank Press
doidoi:10.1038/nature06595
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Article
Precise auditory–vocal mirroring in neurons for learned vocal communication pp305
J. F. Prather, S. Peters, S. Nowicki & R. Mooney
doidoi:10.1038/nature06492
Abstract | Full Text | PDFPDF (822K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Tchernichovski & Wallman
Letters
The nonlinear Fano effect pp311
M. Kroner, A. O. Govorov, S. Remi, B. Biedermann, S. Seidl, A. Badolato, P. M. Petroff, W. Zhang, R. Barbour, B. D. Gerardot, R. J. Warburton & K. Karrai
doidoi:10.1038/nature06506
First paragraph | Full Text | PDFPDF (419K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Khitrova & Gibbs
Reduction and selective oxo group silylation of the uranyl dication pp315
Polly L. Arnold, Dipti Patel, Claire Wilson & Jason B. Love
doidoi:10.1038/nature06467
First paragraph | Full Text | PDFPDF (400K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Boncella
Programming biomolecular self-assembly pathways pp318
Peng Yin, Harry M. T. Choi, Colby R. Calvert & Niles A. Pierce
doidoi:10.1038/nature06451
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Net production of oxygen in the subtropical ocean pp323
Stephen C. Riser & Kenneth S. Johnson
doidoi:10.1038/nature06441
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Dry mantle transition zone inferred from the conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite pp326
Takashi Yoshino, Geeth Manthilake, Takuya Matsuzaki & Tomoo Katsura
doidoi:10.1038/nature06427
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Reversal of pathological pain through specific spinal GABAA receptor subtypes pp330
Julia Knabl, Robert Witschi, Katharina Hösl, Heiko Reinold, Ulrike B. Zeilhofer, Seifollah Ahmadi, Johannes Brockhaus, Marina Sergejeva, Andreas Hess, Kay Brune, Jean-Marc Fritschy, Uwe Rudolph, Hanns Möhler & Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
doidoi:10.1038/nature06493
First paragraph | Full Text | PDFPDF (1,175K) | Supplementary information
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Identification of RPS14 as a 5q- syndrome gene by RNA interference screen pp335
Benjamin L. Ebert, Jennifer Pretz, Jocelyn Bosco, Cindy Y. Chang, Pablo Tamayo, Naomi Galili, Azra Raza, David E. Root, Eyal Attar, Steven R. Ellis & Todd R. Golub
doidoi:10.1038/nature06494
First paragraph | Full Text | PDFPDF (522K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Shannon & Le Beau
Cyclic dermal BMP signalling regulates stem cell activation during hair regeneration pp340
Maksim V. Plikus, Julie Ann Mayer, Damon de la Cruz, Ruth E. Baker, Philip K. Maini, Robert Maxson & Cheng-Ming Chuong
doidoi:10.1038/nature06457
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Identification of cells initiating human melanomas pp345
Tobias Schatton, George F. Murphy, Natasha Y. Frank, Kazuhiro Yamaura, Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser, Martin Gasser, Qian Zhan, Stefan Jordan, Lyn M. Duncan, Carsten Weishaupt, Robert C. Fuhlbrigge, Thomas S. Kupper, Mohamed H. Sayegh & Markus H. Frank
doidoi:10.1038/nature06489
First paragraph | Full Text | PDFPDF (770K) | Supplementary information
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Listeriolysin O allows Listeria monocytogenes replication in macrophage vacuoles pp350
Cheryl L. Birmingham, Veronica Canadien, Natalia A. Kaniuk, Benjamin E. Steinberg, Darren E. Higgins & John H. Brumell
doidoi:10.1038/nature06479
First paragraph | Full Text | PDFPDF (1,094K) | Supplementary information
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The bacterial enzyme RppH triggers messenger RNA degradation by 5' pyrophosphate removal pp355
Atilio Deana, Helena Celesnik & Joel G. Belasco
doidoi:10.1038/nature06475
First paragraph | Full Text | PDFPDF (363K) | Supplementary information
Translational control of intron splicing in eukaryotes pp359
Olivier Jaillon, Khaled Bouhouche, Jean-François Gout, Jean-Marc Aury, Benjamin Noel, Baptiste Saudemont, Mariusz Nowacki, Vincent Serrano, Betina M. Porcel, Béatrice Ségurens, Anne Le Mouël, Gersende Lepère, Vincent Schächter, Mireille Bétermier, Jean Cohen, Patrick Wincker, Linda Sperling, Laurent Duret & Eric Meyer
doidoi:10.1038/nature06495
First paragraph | Full Text | PDFPDF (632K) | Supplementary information
Structural basis of microtubule severing by the hereditary spastic paraplegia protein spastin pp363
Antonina Roll-Mecak & Ronald D. Vale
doidoi:10.1038/nature06482
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Naturejobs
Prospect
Prospects pp369
Postdoc journal keepers embark on their journey.
Gene Russo
doidoi:10.1038/nj7176-369a
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Career View
Leszek Borysiewicz, chief executive, Medical Research Council, London pp370
Medical Research Council gets new director.
Jill U. Adams
doidoi:10.1038/nj7176-370a
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Bound for Bangalore pp370
India is angling for international students and fellows.
K. S. Jayaraman
doidoi:10.1038/nj7176-370b
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Starting anew pp370
Postdoc leaves South Africa for United States.
Aliza le Roux
doidoi:10.1038/nj7176-370c
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Futures
Project: Verbivore pp372
It's a write off.
James Lovegrove
doidoi:10.1038/451372a
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science摘要--2008年1月11