|
[ ] |
concentration |
|
[ion]1 |
intracellular |
|
[ion]0 |
extracellular (not [ ]e) |
|
AC |
alternating current |
|
ACh |
acetylcholine |
|
ACTH |
adrenocorticotrop(h)ic hormone |
|
A/D |
converter analog–digital converter |
|
ADP |
adenosine diphosphate |
|
AMP |
adenosine monophosphate |
|
AMPA |
a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate |
|
AMPA/KA |
AMPA/kainate |
|
ANOVA |
analysis of variance |
|
AP |
anterioposterior (brain co-ordinate) |
|
ATP |
adenosine triphosphate |
|
ATPase |
adenosine triphosphatase |
|
AVP |
arginine vasopressin (as in ... the peptide AVP) |
|
BAPTA |
1,2-bis (O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N‚,N ‚-tetraacetic acid |
|
Bay K5552 |
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid methyl-2-methylpropyl ester |
|
Bay K 8644 |
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid-methyl ester |
|
Bes |
N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulphonic acid |
|
bp |
base pair |
|
[Ca2+]1, [Ca2+]0 |
intra- or extracellular Ca2+ concentration |
|
Ca2+1, Ca2+0 |
intra- or extracellular Ca2+ |
|
Ca2+-ATPase |
|
cAMP |
cyclic AMP |
|
CAT (scan) |
computerized axial tomography (scan) |
|
CCD |
camera charge-coupled device camera |
|
cDNA |
complementary DNA |
|
cGMP |
cyclic GMP |
|
CNS |
central nervous system |
|
DAT |
digital audiotape |
|
DC |
direct current |
|
DIDS |
4,4‚-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2‚-disulphonic acid |
|
DMSO |
dimethyl sulphoxide |
|
DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
|
DNase |
deoxyribonuclease (NB not DNAase) |
|
DTL electrode |
named for Dawson,Trick & Litzkow (1979) |
|
DTT |
dithiothreitol |
|
DV |
dorsoventral (brain co-ordinate) |
|
EC50 |
median (or half-maximal) effective concentration |
|
ECG |
electrocardiogram |
|
ED50 |
median (or half-maximal) dose |
|
EDTA |
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
|
EEG |
electroencephalogram |
|
EGTA |
ethyleneglycol-bis-(b-aminoethylether) N,N,N ‚,N‚-tetraacetic acid |
|
EMF |
electromotive field |
|
EMG |
electromyogram |
|
EPSC |
excitatory postsynaptic current |
|
EPSP |
excitatory postsynaptic potential |
|
G protein (G-) |
guanosine-binding protein |
|
GABA |
g-aminobutyric acid; also GABAA, GABAB for receptors |
|
GDP-β-S or GDPβS |
guanosine 5‚-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) |
|
GMP |
guanosine monophosphate |
|
GTP |
guanosine triphosphate |
|
GTP-γ-Sor GTPγS |
guanosine 5‚-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) |
|
Hepes |
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N‚-2-ethanesulphonic acid |
|
Hepps |
N-(hydroxy-2-ethyl)-piperazine-N‚-propanesulphonic acid |
|
HPLC |
high-pressure liquid chromatography |
|
HRP |
horseradish peroxidase |
|
5-HT |
5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) |
|
I.A. |
intra-arterial (small capitals) |
|
IC50 |
concentration giving 50 % of maximal inhibition |
|
ID50 |
dose giving 50 % of maximal inhibition |
|
i.d. |
internal diameter |
|
Ig |
immunoglobulin |
|
IgA |
immunoglobulin A |
|
IgD |
immunoglobulin D |
|
IgE |
immunoglobulin E |
|
IgG |
immunoglobulin G (IgG1) |
|
IgM |
immunoglobulin M |
|
InsP3 |
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (tris- not tri-) |
|
I.M. |
intramuscular (small capitals) |
|
I.P. |
intraperitoneal (small capitals) |
|
IPSC |
inhibitory postsynaptic current |
|
IPSP |
inhibitory postsynaptic potential |
|
IR |
infrared |
|
i.u./IU |
international unit |
|
I.V. |
intravenous (small capitals) |
|
k |
Boltzmann steepness coefficient |
|
K1/2 |
reciprocal of [ion] required for half-maximal inhibition |
|
KD /Kd |
dissociation constant |
|
Ki |
inhibition constant(also dissociation constant for enzyme–inhibitor complex) |
|
Km |
Michaelis-Menten constant |
|
kb |
kilobases or kilobytes |
|
KIU |
kallikrein inhibition unit |
|
L-NAME |
Nv-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (D-isomer is inactive) |
|
log |
logarithm |
|
ln |
natural logarithm |
|
Mes |
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulphonic acid |
|
ML |
mediolateral (brain co-ordinate) |
|
Mops |
3-(N-morpholino)propanesulphonic acid |
|
mRNA |
messenger RNA |
|
MS-222 |
invertebrate anaesthetic (= tricaine) |
|
[Na+]i, [Na+]0 |
intra- or extracellular Na+ concentration |
|
NA |
numerical aperture |
|
NAD |
nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide |
|
NADH |
reduced form of NAD |
|
NMDA |
N-methyl-D-aspartate; also N-methyl-D-aspartic acid |
|
NMR |
nuclear magnetic resonance |
|
n.s. |
not significant |
|
nt |
nucleotide(s) |
|
o.d. |
outer diameter |
|
P |
probability (p can be used if P is used for pressure, tension or permeability) |
|
PCO2 |
partial pressure of CO2 |
|
PO2 |
partial pressure of O2 |
|
PBS |
phosphate-buffered saline |
|
PC |
personal computer |
|
PC12 cells |
phaeochromocytoma cells |
|
pCa |
_log [Ca2+] (or other ion) |
|
PCR |
polymerase chain reaction |
|
PGE |
prostaglandin E |
|
PGF2 |
prostaglandin F2; also PGF2a |
|
pHi |
intracellular pH |
|
pHo |
extracellular pH (not pHe) |
|
Pipes |
piperazine-N-N‚-bis(2-ethanesulphonic acid); also 1,4-piperazinediethane sulphonic acid |
|
Q10 |
temperature coefficient over a 10 °C temperature range |
|
r |
correlation coefficient |
|
RNA |
ribonucleic acid |
|
RT-PCR |
reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction |
|
SBFI |
indicator |
|
S.C. |
subcutaneous (small capitals) |
|
S.D. |
standard deviation (small capital) |
|
SDS |
sodium dodecyl sulphate |
|
SDS-PAGE |
sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
|
S.E. |
standard error (used in regression analysis) |
|
S.E.M. |
standard error of the mean (small capitals) |
|
SITS |
4-acetamido-4‚-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2‚-disulphonic acid |
|
Taps |
tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-amino-propanesulphonic acid;also ([2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino)-1-propanesulphonic acid |
|
UV |
ultraviolet |
|
TEA |
tetraethylammonium |
|
Tes |
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulphonic acid;2((2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl) ethane sulphonic acid |
|
Tris |
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane |
|
TTX |
tetrodotoxin (tetrodioxin) |
|
V1/2 |
membrane potential at half-maximal inactivation |
|
Vmax |
maximal velocity (in Boltzmann equation) |
|
VIP |
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (as in ... the peptide VIP |
|
t |
time constant |
文献中常用的缩写（二）